Coordinate Conjunctions
| Function ↓ | Coordinate Conjunctions | Correlative Conjunctions | Adverbial Connectors | |
| sequence, amplifica-tion, expansion | additive | und – and | sowohl . . . als auch – both . . . and, as well as
sowohl . . . wie auch – both . . . and, as well as nicht nur . . . sondern auch – not only . . . but also (stressed additive) weder . . . noch – neither . . . nor (negative additive) |
zunächst – first |
| explicative | und auch – and also
geschweige denn – much less, never mind (negative explicative) |
außerdem – moreover
dazu – in addition, with it, to it, for it, etc. überdies – moreover, furthermore zudem – moreover, furthermore, in addition so wie- as well as ja – even ja sogar – even (stressed explicative) geschweige daß – let alone, never mind, much less ohnehin – anyway |
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| contrast | alternative | oder – or
oder auch – or even |
entweder . . . oder – either . . . or (emphatic) | |
| adversative | aber – but | dagegen – on the other hand, however
hingegen – however, on the other hand |
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| comparative | als (denn) – than (unequal)
wie – as (equal) |
anders als – different from | ||
| corrective | zwar aber – it’s true, but
doch – but jedoch – however sondern – rather (corrective after negative statement) sondern vielmehr – rather much more (see ) aber vielmehr – but much more (corrective after positive statement) |
allein – however, but
nur – only, just (stressing a limitation) allerdings – though (polite limitation) freilich – admittedly (polite limitation) wenigstens – at least (weakening of an assertion) zumindest – at least (weakening of an assertion) |
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| assertive | aber – but
(und) doch – but |
dennoch – nevertheless, nonetheless, still
dessenungeachtet – nevertheless, notwithstanding (this) gleichwohl – nevertheless, nonetheless immerhin – all the same, anyhow, at any rate, at least, after all indessen – however nichtsdestoweniger – nevertheless, nonetheless trotzdem – nevertheless |
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| restrictive | insofern – in this respect
insoweit – in this respect |
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| reason or consequence | reason | denn – for | nähmlich – namely, to wit
ja – now that eben – just, simply doch – after all, anyway, all the same |
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| cause | also – so, therefore
folglich – consequently, therefore mithin – consequently, therefore deshalb – consequently, therefore deswegen – consequently, therefore infolgedessen – consequently, therefore somit – consequently, therefore so . . . denn – therefore demnach – therefore, accordingly nun – (obs) since, daher – that is why, hence darum – that’s why, because of that deshalb – therefore deswegen – therefore infolgedessen – consequently, as a result (of that) entsprechend – accordingly, correspondingly daraufhin – as a result, thereupon |
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| conditional | andernfalls – otherwise
sonst – otherwise, or (else) |
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